![]() After the egg hatches but before the fish absorb their yolk sac and emerge from the gravel, they are called alevin (pronounced AL-evin). ![]() Salmon begin life as a fertilized egg (an embryo) buried in a gravel nest (called a redd) in the bed of a cold freshwater creek, river, or lake. Since 1989 the genus Oncorhynchus also includes rainbow trout/steelhead trout ( O. The five Pacific Northwest anadromous species are Chinook ( O. ![]() Their genus is Oncorhynchus (different from Atlantic salmon). Pacific salmon are native to the North American and Asian coasts of the Pacific Ocean. Restoration is ongoing but so is salmon-damaging development. Efforts to preserve and restore salmon runs range from removing dikes and dams to repairing fish-blocking culverts to restoring shorelines. The fishing industry supports hatcheries that breed and release salmon some scientists and environmentalists question their extensive use. Salmon are vital to the economy and iconic to the history and culture of the Pacific Northwest. Since 1991, 16 wild salmon populations have been listed as threatened or endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act. Salmon require cold water global warming threatens them. During industrial development, mining, agriculture, logging, sawmills, flourmills, canneries, dams, factory-type hatcheries, and overfishing damaged or destroyed runs. For millennia Northwest Indians have depended on salmon in pre-contact times their fisheries took nearly as many salmon as did later industrial fisheries, but indigenous practices resulted in a sustainable resource. Anadromous fish, they hatch and develop in fresh water, migrate out to sea where they live and grow, and return to their home stream to spawn (lay eggs), and die. Washington rivers once teemed with five species of Pacific salmon - Chinook, chum, pink, sockeye, and coho.
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